Freud , p. In seeking to describe the double character, Dostoyevsky uses the hero, named the Idiot. In the beginning, the description of the Idiot corresponds to the character of Rogozhin: the pride, the psychopathy and the absence of the feeling of guilt. Rogozhin, a wealthy merchant, who identifies with the new Russian generation, is a poorly educated man, driven by the uncontrollable force of his sensations and willing to do anything to achieve his goal.
Then Dostoyevsky hesitates in his description and writes in these notebooks that he seeks the new tracks "How can the idiot remain the main hero, if another hero is" stronger "than him? A new attempt is to transfer idiocy from one character to another, from Rogozhin to Myshkin.
Myshkin would possess both kindness and guilt. Prince Myshkin, a Russian aristocrat, is an ideal man. He returned from a clinic in Switzerland after a long treatment for epilepsy.
An orphan of his early age, this childish character is polite and sincere. Myshkin keeps in his heart the image of the sun, the purity of the mountains and the snow he had seen when he was in Switzerland and which he wants to transfer to the Russia. And, when he falls into the city Petersburg populated by perverts, he passes as an idiot, so he claims to act against the uses of this society. Prince Myshkin, is he also double, stirred on one side by his thirst for the ideal of me, and subjected, at the same time, to the desires of his psychic nature?
Is this another type of duplication: an internal doubling of two sides? It should be noted that the voyages of Prince Myshkin and Rogozhin are strictly parallel: they return to St. Petersburg with the same purpose: Myshkin inherits the property of his deceased aunt and Rogozhin becomes wealthy owner after the parricide of his father, Orchestrated by his brother. Obviously, the relationship is not close between the doubling of the soul itself and these "double" characters.
It is however possible to establish a relationship between a part of the soul that lives in super-ego guilt and in Myshkin, and the other that which lives in the chimeras of desires and in Rogozhin part. This question of material and spiritual inheritance is, for Dostoyevsky, the means to show the perversion of the judgment of this youth under the influence of the Russian philosophy of the time.
Hippolyte's speech, entitled "After me the deluge", sets out in infantile terms this philosophy. But Hippolyte is suffering from phthisis and is condemned in the short term, which explains his desire to give meaning to his life. Hippolyte's attitude towards the prince is ambiguous: he hates him but his words are dictated by the desire to identify with him.
In front of Myshkin, Rogozhin plays a demon role that tries to wrest Hippolyte from the influence of the prince. Hippolyte makes the dream in which Rogozhin his ghost mysteriously appears to seize his soul. He understands then that it is the destructive force of Rogozhin that tries to possess it and the resistance against that force seizes it. He tries to commit suicide but misses his act. Thus, there is an intermediate idiot between Myshkin and Rogozhin which sums up the construction of the writer of the split identity "in abyss".
The other characters represent, in a way, the repetition of the theme of the doubles to describe the Russian society. The main feminine character, Nastasia Filippovna, is of pure tragedy. Orphaned and ruined aristocrat, she was collected by the Guardian Totsky, raped by him at sixteen and bred for his sexual pleasures.
She became the Mademoiselle "of little Virtue", who was only entitled to money. Hysterical, she ceases to believe in her future, for her happiness is only an illusion. Nastasia Filippovna loves Rogozhin, as an object of her sexual desire but she acknowledges that this lout is unworthy of her. Only Prince Myshkin can save her from lowering, but this love filled with pity does not satisfy her.
In our opinion, his image appears split, distributed to the level of opposite characters: Holiness on the side of the Virgin Mary, prostitution on the side of Mary of Magdalena. This lack of recognition presents itself as a lack of "phallus".
His quarrels and reconciliations with the Prince were endlessly followed throughout the novel. It follows the meeting with Gania Ivolgin, the son of General Ivolgin. It is a noble but ruined descendant, hoping to marry Nastasia Filippovna only for money through Totsky.
Obsessive, he is fascinated only by fortune. The rich man appears to him as a promise of phallus giving identity to his existence. In the same register of Lovers ' choice for interest, one also notices Ptyzine, the double of Gania , wealthy Bourgeois, who marries the sister of Gania Ivolgin, Varvara, in order to gain access to the high Russian society.
There are also two generals doubles : General Epanchine, rich and important in the State service, married to the distant relative of Myshkin, Lisaveta Prokofievna. He is in love with Nastasia Filippovna and hopes vaguely that Gania will "sexually lend" Nastasia Filippovna after their marriage. There is general Ivolgin, impoverished aristocrat, who lies for the pleasure of deceit, and who ends up no longer distinguishing the lie from reality.
It is without counting with Totsky, rich and noble tutor of Nastasia who has better in sight and will want to get rid of it. He plans to marry a girl from a good family.
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